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"大河移民上访的故事 ——从“讨个说法”到“摆平理顺” 应星著应星 1968年8月生于重庆市。北京大学社会学硕士（1996），中国社会科学院社会学博士（2000 ）。现为中国社会科学院社会学研究所研究人员。发表论文有“社会支配关系与科场场域的变迁”、“集体上访中的‘问题化’过程”（合作）等。 1 目录示意图目录--------------------------------------------------------------------------致谢--------------------------------------------------------------------------本书重要人物一览表--------------------------------------------------------------------------小引：关于上访的三种声音---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第一章 “遗留问题”------------------------------------------------------------------------------一．进入库区-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------二．燃眉之急----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------三．“发现”大河电站-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------四．走进1975：电站闸门的落下-------------------------------------------------------------------别有苦衷的刘行健--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------忧心忡忡的朱运敦--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------玩捉迷藏的江祥应--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------没完没了的周长发-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一．到山阳乡蹲点----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------二．“诉苦文化”的弥散-------------------------------------------------------------------------------三．人民公社时期的上访路--------------------------------------------------------------------------遗留问题：不说“不知道” ------------------------------------------------------------------------队长站出来：“打酒还问提壶人” ----------------------------------------------------------------相互推诿：“不管我的事” -------------------------------------------------------------------------向后拖延：“摆不完的经”---------------------------------------------------------------------------“一次性解决”：了犹未了------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 第二章 “讨说法去” 第三章从默契到对峙---------------------------------------------------------------------------一．“山阳的天黑暗着呢”----------------------------------------------------------------------------二．“推”与“闹”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------新时期的开始-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“推”与“闹”的默契---------------------------------------------------------------------“最后的一次性补偿”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------三．“挤”与“缠”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------突如其来：1982年的大水------------------------------------------------------------------“挤脓包”：许老师的出场---------------------------------------------------------------------------“闹”的日常化形式——“缠”--------------------------------------------------------------------四．“打”与“弹”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“借东风动手术”：第一次计生事件--------------------------------------------------------------计生事件的“后遗症” -----------------------------------------------------------------------------“遗留问题”的再生产-------------------------------------------------------------------------------五．山坳的孤魂-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第四章 “开口子”的新尝试------------------------------------------------------------------一．多姿多彩的工作组---------------------------------------------------------------------------------二．工作组第一度进乡：“揭盖子”与“开口子”的拉锯-------------------------------半揭的“盖子”：区乡干部的一次“洗澡” ----------------------------------------------------“补论”与“揭论”之争----------------------------------------------------------------------------作为息事宁人手段的“开口子”-------------------------------------------------------------------2 三．“开口子”的意外后果：失去平衡的山阳乡---------------------------------------------谁是愤怒的“全体社员”？——冲刷区移民内部的矛盾--------------------------------------谁是“节外生枝者”？——占地区移民与电站的冲突----------------------------------------谁是停电的祸根？——电站与区乡的失衡------------------------------------------------------谁来电站把命拼？——远方灾民与电站的纠葛------------------------------------------------谁最后“走不脱”？——政府内部的分化--------------------------------------------------------四．上访持续扩大中的意外后果--------------------------------------------------------------------冲刷区移民行动的自我调整------------------------------------------------------------------------签冤书签出了叛徒------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“告御状”告进了收容所-----------------------------------------------------------------------------闯行署闯出了祸端------------------------------------------------------------------------------------五．工作组第二度进乡：“开口子”和“打界桩”的磨合-------------------------------欢天喜地的16组--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------与地区打“时间差”的县政府---------------------------------------------------------------------四分五裂的冲刷区移民------------------------------------------------------------------------------六．山阳乡外的裂缝------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第五章摆平三部曲---------------------------------------------------------------------------------一．“摆平理顺是地方干部的基本功”----------------------------------------------------------二．第一部：找到化淤导流之术--------------------------------------------------------------------对峙的激烈化------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------董国光的出现------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------山阳乡第二次的计生事件---------------------------------------------------------------------------驯鹿乡的两次抢饭吃事件--------------------------------------------------------------------------县委常委会上的共识与争议-----------------------------------------------------------------------“掀专员小车”的经典故事------------------------------------------------------------------------“开口子”的精致化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------三乡联合进京上访-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------地区39号文件的公布-------------------------------------------------------------------------------三．一幕插曲：山阳乡外的黎明静悄悄-------------------------------------------------------四．第二部：以恩赦化解危机---------------------------------------------------------------------气可鼓不可泄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------精英对地区运用的切割术--------------------------------------------------------------------------取证术：两个字据的故事---------------------------------------------------------------------------精英对县运用的切割术-----------------------------------------------------------------------------风暴来临前夕-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“吃馒头去！”---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------强势压境：政府对“个别坏人”的斗争----------------------------------------------------------借力起势：移民对“官僚主义”的斗争---------------------------------------------------------以恩赦平息事端--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5．又一幕插曲：出现在电站大门口的疯子------------------------------------------------六．第三部：热点的冷处理------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第六章综合治理-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------一．“依法治村”----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------二．治标与治本相结合-------------------------------------------------------------------------------心满意足的上5组-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------被不平感笼罩的16组-------------------------------------------------------------------------------第一次行动：风云突起------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二次行动：更上一个台阶-----------------------------------------------------------------------“从面上来考虑问题”-----------------------------------------------------------------------------“把法律拿出来”------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 三．从此安宁----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------尾声：从头再来-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------尾声的另一种写法：两场争论----------------------------------------------------------------------- 结语：故事后台的故事-----------------------------------------------------------------------------我要讲的是什么故事-------------------------------------------------------------------------------我为什么要用故事来讲----------------------------------------------------------------------------我是怎样讲故事的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 尾注----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------附录一：《大河电站资料集汇编》目录------------------------------------------------------------- 附录二：征引的口述录音资料目录--------------------------------------------------------------参考文献---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 From “asking for a statement” To “balancing relations (baiping lishui)” A story of a hydroelectric station area in southwest in China by Ying Xing Contents List of Sketch Maps Acknowledgments The Table of Important Characters of the Book Foreword: three kinds of accounts on seeking audiences at higher levels (shangfang) Chapter 1: “Left-over Problems” 1. Entered into a reservoir area 2. As pressing as a fire singeing one’s eyebrows 3. “Found” DaHe hydroelectric station 4. Retreated into 1975: close of the sluice gate of the hydroelectric station Liu Xingjian who had feelings of embarrassment which were hard to mention Zu Yundun who was heavyhearted Jiang Xiangying who was playing hide-and-seek Zhou Changfa who pestered sb. endlessly Chapter 2: “To Ask for a Statement” 1. To stay in ShanYang town to gain firsthand experience 2. Diffusion of “culture of venting one’s grievances(Suku)” 3. The road leading to shangfang during people communes Left-over problems: not be “known” unless reported The leaders of production teams took a stand: “to get to the root of the matter” To shift responsibilities onto others :”it’s no business of mine” To delay:”have too many topics to talk” “Solve the problem just this once”: remained to be settled Chapter 3: From Tacit Agreements to Standing Facing Each Other 1.”How dark it is in ShanYang town!” 2.”Delay” and “make troubles” Beginning of a new era Tacit agreements between “delaying” and “making troubles” “To compensate last just this once” 3.”Squeeze” and “pester” Happened of a sudden: a floodwater in 1982 “Squeeze pustulation”: the appearance of Teacher Xu The ordinary form of “making troubles”— to pester 4.”Retaliate” and “counterattack” “To operate when it’s convenient”: the first event of birth controlling The “sequelae” of the event Reproduction of “left-over problems” 5.The lonely ghosts over the col Chapter 4: New Practice of “Breaking from the Side of a Dike (Kai KouZi)” 1. Work teams which had varied veils 2. The work team entered into the town for the first time: a seesaw between “uncovering the facts” and “kai kouzi” Semi-uncovered “facts”: a bath of town cadres 5 The quarrel between one standpoint for patching and another standpoint for uncovering “Kai kouzi” as a means of reconciling the parties concerned 3.The unexpected consequence of “kai kouzi”: unbalanced ShanYang town Who were angry “all commune member”?— the contradict <contradiction>within the resettlement of the eroding area Who was “the person who sided issues cropped up unexpectedly”?— the conflict between the resettlement of land-occupied area and the hydroelectric station Who was the root of the trouble of power cut?—the unbalance between the hydroelectric station and the town Who came to the hydroelectric station to risk their lives?— the dispute between the victims of a natural calamity in the distant place and the hydroelectric station Who “should be responsible for all troubles” in the last?— the disunite within the government 4.The unexpected consequence of continuously developing shangfang Self-adjustment of action of the resettlement of the eroding area The appearance of the traitor while a letter complaining injustice was being signed The person who brought a lawsuit against sb. to the “emperor” was locked up in a collecting post The person who rushed in the administrative office got into trouble 5.The work team entered into the town for the second time: a balance between “kai kouzi” and “hit boundary markers” The overjoyed 16th group The county government which dealt with the administrative office with the help of a time lag The split resettlement of the eroding area 6.The gaps outside ShanYang town Chapter 5: Triploid of Baiping 1.”Baiping lishui is the necessary ability of cadres in the localities” 2.First:to find the suit means of dredging the river The polarization of standing facing each other The appearance of Dong Guoguang The second event of birth controlling of ShanYang town Two events of robbing rice of XunLu town Consensus and quarrel in the meeting of standing committee of county Party committee A classical story about “throwing the car of the leader of the administrative office” Delicating “kai kouzi” Three towns jointly went to Beijing to Shangfang The publication of No. 39 document of the administrative office 3. Episode:the quiet daybreak outside ShanYang town 4. Second:to relieve the crisis Not be frustrated but went all out The cutting tactics applied by the elite pointing to the administrative office The tactics of searching for evidence :two stories about brief notes The cutting tactics applied by the elite pointing to the county government On the eve of storm “Go to eat steamed bread!” The powerful force was coming: the government fought against “individual evildoers” To change situation with the help of power :the resettlement fought against “bureaucratist” Patched up the event with remission 5. Another episode: the madman appeared at the gate of the hydroelectric station 6. Third:cold treatment of hot point Chapter 6: Governing through Comprehensive Measures 1.”Govern villages through laws” 2.Combine<ing> taking stopgap measures with taking radical measures The satisfied upper 5th group The 16th group which was envelopped by the sense of unjust Action for the first time :a sudden change in the situation 6 Action for the second time: an upper bench “Think over the problem from the entire area” “Bring out laws” 3.Peaceful henceforth Epilogue:Start afresh Alternative epilogue:Two quarrels Conclusion:A Story about the Behind-the-scenes of the Story What story I would tell Why I told sth. by the form of telling a story How I told the story Notes Index I: the catalogue of documents of DaHe hydroelectric station IndexⅡ:the catalogue of oral account materials References 示意图目录图1：山阳乡示意图----------------------------------------------------------------------图2：大河电站冲刷区示意图----------------------------------------------------------------------图3：许老师家示意图----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 致谢我首先要特别感谢两位老师。本书是在我博士论文的基础上修订而成的。论文导师苏国勋无论是对我的研究取向的鼓励还是对我参加挂职锻炼的支持，无论是在我论文选题上的探讨还是在写作风格上的提警，无论是在论文大方向上的把握还是在枝节问题上的修正，都对我的论文起到了重要的作用。而孙立平参加了在山阳乡进行的田野调查，并以他对中国社会的敏锐感觉、对“过程事件分析”方法论的深刻自觉在本书酝酿、讨论和行文的整个过程中都产生了非同小可的影响。我还要特别感谢三位朋友。本书在许多方面都受惠于李猛正式发表或私下流传的文章、受惠于我们同属的一个学术共同体的日常探讨，而他在本书的初稿和修改稿出来后所提的批评意见对总体轮廓的勾画、主题动机的提炼和故事细节的完善上更起了关键性的作用。晋军是我在研究上的合作者。我们共同参与了对大河电站的田野调查（其中有部分调查是他独立完成的），共同对所收集的资料进行分析。本书不仅是在他1998年完成的那篇优秀的硕士论文的基础上的拓深，而且，本书第二章和第三章的许多内容都脱胎于我们合作完成的一篇论文。在我几易其稿的整个写作过程中，我的朋友李康始终都参与其间，十分认真地提出各种意见，大到理论分析的误置、叙事框架的问题，小到注释的分类、用词的斟酌乃至字体的统一。我还必须感谢我所属的两个学术共同体，实际上，本书的基本思路是在这两个共同体多年的内部讨论中形成的。一个是由孙立平主持的口述史研究小组，另一个是由李猛主持的理论读书小组。我要感谢这两个小组的所有成员，特别是读书小组成员在关于本书的两次专题讨论会上的发..."

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