NormalProcedures (pdf document) free file download at fliiby.com

"Boeing 747-400 Standard Procedure's Guide An illustrated guide to getting started with the PMDG 747 Contents Getting Started Preflight Pushback and Start Taxi and Takeoff Climb and Cruise Approach and Landing Taxi In, Parking, and Shutdown Getting Started This guide will: guide you through the standard startup, taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, approach, and landing procedures for the PMDG 747. provide an illustrated guide to the major systems and controls of the 747. provide an simple, logical, and easy to understand method for operating the 747 similarly to real-world operations. This guide will NOT: be a substitute for the official PMDG manual. teach you all operations of the aircraft. teach you how to program and use the FMC beyond what is needed to minimally operate the aircraft. teach you about or how to fully use the autopilot functions. You will notice that this guide deviates from the published Normal Procedures checklist. This is done to facilitate learning the 747 systems, to save time, and to only focus on the systems that are likely to be necessary to establish an operational aircraft. I believe all of the procedures and information here to be factual, though it is often overly simplified and not necessarily in the correct order. If there is something that is incorrect or unclear, please let me know. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS REGARDING THE OPERATION OF THE AIRCRAFT, REFER TO THE MANUAL OR POST THEM TO THE PMDG SUPPORT FORUM. I WILL NOT ANSWER STUPID QUESTIONS THAT ARE ANSWERED ELSEWHERE. :-) On the other hand, if you have a legitimate question or concern, please contact me and I'll be happy to respond. Requirements: The PMDG 747. Your aircraft positioned at a gate a KLAX (this tutorial uses gate I1). 1/3 or less fuel in the fuel tanks. This can be set in the PMDG... General... Options... Fuel settings. A cold and dark cockpit. I STRONGLY recommend downloading this cold/dark scenario and flight plan as all graphics and panel This document is © 2005 - Jared "Smitty" Smith. You are free to translate this article as long as a link is provided to this document. If you contact me, I will provide a link to your translation. You can also redistribute this as long as you link to the original (which will always be kept up-to-date) found at http://smithplanet.com/fs2004/pmdg/index.htm A PDF version is available by clicking the icon below. states will match those found in this guide. The flight plan followed in the tutorial (KLAX-KEDW) is also provided. After downloading, extract the ColdDarkKLAX.FLT file to your Flight Simulator 9 \Flights\PMDG folder. Extract the ColdDarkKLAX.sav file to the Flight Simulator 9\PMDG\747400 \PanelState folder. Extrace KLAXKEDW.rte to your Flight Simulator 9\PMDG\FLIGHTPLANS folder. When you are done, open FS9 and click Select a Flight (or Flight... Select a Flight if you're already in the cockpit). Select PMDG under Choose a Category and then select ColdDarkKLAX under Choose a flight. Click OK to enter the dark cabin of your 747 which is parked at gate I1 at KLAX. There is a bug with the default cold/dark scenario file shipped with the PMDG 747. Do not use it. Either download the files above, create your own, or read here to learn how to fix the supplied file. Preflight You just stepped through the cockpit door of the cold and dark 747-400, the most magnificent passenger aircraft on the planet. You are the captain on this short flight from KLAX to KEDW and will direct all flight operations. You'll notice that the cockpit is totally powered down. Usually while parked at the gate, there would be some power already flowing and if the pilot that flew the plane before you is nice, he'd have left a light on for you. But your plane's been parked for awhile and is totally powered down. We first want to get some power flowing to the basic cockpit systems. Open the OVHD panel. The OVHD button is found on the panel switcher. If the panel switcher is not visible, click on the center console pillar below the compass to display it. The overhead panel is roughly divided into the following sections. Turn ON the BATTERY. Left click to press the button to turn on the battery. The battery button has a protective cover over it that closes when the battery is turned on. If it is closed, you can right click to open it, then left click on the button to turn the battery off. Let's leave the cover closed so we don't accidentally turn it off. The battery should remain on at all times as it provides a backup power source to critical flight instruments. The battery alone does not provide all the power you need to operate the aircraft. It will give us basic power for over 30 minutes. Turn the STANDBY POWER switch to AUTO. The switch is rotated to the right by right clicking on it. All switches are rotated to the left by left clicking. The standby power switch tells the electronics system of the aircraft where it should draw it's electrical power from. When set to OFF, only a few systems will be powered by the battery. AUTO allows the electrical system to draw the power from the best available power source. BAT will only draw power from onboard batteries, giving you about 30 minutes of power. We'll leave this switch on AUTO and the electrical system will handle the distribution of power automatically. Set all four ELEC ENG CONTROL switches to NORM. Set the BUS TIE switches to AUTO. Set the GEN CONT (generator control) switches ON. Ensure that the Hydraulic DEMAND pump switches are set to OFF. Turn the ENGINE hydraulic pump selectors ON. The ELEC ENG CONTROL switches allow the electrical system to operate the engines. These buttons also have guard covers, so right click if you need to open them and be sure to close the guard when you're done. The 747's engines are primarily controlled by electronic systems rather than hydraulic or pneumatic systems. If the electrical engine control system for an engine fails, you can click the button again to switch to an ALTN (alternate) electrical system. The BUS TIEs allow power to flow properly throughout all systems on the aircraft. The 747 has multiple electrical systems and many fall back systems in case something goes wrong. Turning the GENerator CONTrol buttons ON will allow the engines generators to provide electrical power to the system. Don't worry if OFF is illuminated on the GEN CONT buttons - this just indicates that the system is currently off (engines are off), but that the generator control system will be ON as soon as the engines are started. Typically, the hydraulic system on the aircraft is pressurized by the engines. If an engine fails, the hydraulic system can be powered by bleed air or by the electrical system. Because the engines and bleed air are not currently available, setting the Hydraulic DEMAND pump switches to OFF ensures that electrical power is not currently used to pressurize the hydraulic system. Turn on EXT PWR 1 and, if available, EXT PWR 2. External power is available from a cable connected to your airplane from the airport electrical system. AVAIL will be displayed if external power is available. Ground power is only available if your parking brake is set (CTRL + .) and you are stopped at an airport. External Power 2 may not be available at all airports. If it is available, turn it on. If not, don't worry about it - one source of external power will suffice. In the 747, if a switch has two horizontal or vertical lines displayed on it, then it is on. The EXT PWR indicators also display the word ON if power is flowing. The flight attendants are now entering the aircraft, so turn ON UTILITY L and R. This will supply electrical power to the passenger compartment lighting, galleys, doors, etc. It also allows the baggage compartment doors to be operated. Any time the aircraft has power supplied to it, the NAV lights should be on. This alerts the ground crew that the aircraft is powered and under pilot control. Turn on the NAV lights. You can also turn on the LOGO and WING lights at this time. The external light controls are found in the lower right of the OVHD panel. We will not turn on the BEACON lights until we're ready to be pushed back or begin taxiing. The STROBE lights aren't turned on until we're ready to takeoff. You can now set cockpit lighting as desired. This is done with the three lighting switches (CKT BKR OVHD PANEL, GLARESHIELD PANEL/FLOOD, and DOME) found in the lower left of the OVHD panel. Right click to turn up the lights. Left click to dim them. If it is daylight outside, then these will make little difference. The STORM switch provides a quick mechanism for turning all of the cockpit lights on to maximum brightness. It would be enabled if flying in poor weather to minimize the blinding effects of lightning flashes. Storm lighting is not modeled in the PMDG 747. ARM the emergency lights. This is done by right clicking on the cover to close the guard. The emergency lights switch is located at the top of the OVHD panel and may be hidden behind the panel switcher. Ensure all control surfaces are properly positioned. Ensure that the flaps are up (F5 key) and that the gear position handle is in the DOWN position. This is also the time to perform your external walk around to inspect all flight control surfaces. We will now begin aligning the Inertial Reference System. The Inertial Reference System is comprised of three gyros. These gyros detect very faint movements of the aircraft in all directions. They send information to the flight computer indicating if the aircraft is moving, which direction it is moving, and how fast. The IRS is the primary mechanism for providing accurate positioning and automated flight control for your aircraft. In order to function properly, the Inertial Reference System must be powered up and given an initial 'home' position from which all movement will be referenced. The IRS can only be powered and aligned while your aircraft is stationary on the ground. Set each of the three IRS switches from OFF to NAV to ALIGN. This is accomplished by right clicking then left clicking each of the IRS switches. The gyros for each IRS will begin to spin and the system will begin powering up. Actual alignment time is 10 minutes, though this can be customized in the options (PMDG... General... Options... IRS). As it'll take us a while to finish powering up the aircraft, the 10 minute time period will be fine, but you may want to shorten this time period because you'll be an expert at firing up this bird after a few tries and may not want to wait around for the IRS to finish aligning. Remember, you cannot properly align the IRS system if you are moving. Before the IRS can be properly aligned, it has to know where the aircraft is currently located. Open the FMC by clicking the FMC button on the panel switcher. Click the FMC button located at LSK (Line Select Key) 1L (this means the first button down on the left). Click IDENT at LSK 1L. Ensure that the FMC is reporting accurate information about your current aircraft. Click POS INIT at LSK 6R. The POS INIT page of the FMC allows you to determine and input your aircraft's current position. The top line displays LAST POS. This is the coordinates for the last position the flight computer remembers being at. Click LSK 1L to update the flight computer with your current position. This step only tells the flight computer where your plane is, it does not align the IRS system. Press and hold the CLR button in the lower right of the FMC to clear any messages that may be currently displayed. To orient the IRS system, first click on LSK 4R (the GPS POS line). This will copy your location coordinates as reported by the onboard GPS system and store them in the scratchpad (the bottom display-only line of the FMC display). Click on LSK 5R (the SET IRS POS line) to upload the coordinates to the IRS system. Close the FMC by clicking the FMC button on the panel switcher or by clicking the X button in the upper right of the FMC. On the overhead panel, turn the IRS switches back to NAV by right clicking once on each of them. The IRS system is now properly aligned, though it may take up to 10 minutes (depending on your settings) to complete the initialization process. The time remaining will display on the Navigation Display (ND). Your plane now knows where it is at and can detect where it is going. This allows the autopilot and flight computer to function properly. Turn on all fuel XFEED (crossfeed) switches. Fuel crossfeeds distribute fuel between fuel tanks. Enabling the XFEED now ensures that if fuel is loaded into the aircraft on the ground that it can flow freely throughout the system. As your plane may be fairly full of fuel on departure, this also ensures that the XFEED switches remain on once the engines are started. The switches display horizontal lines when the XFEED is ON. The engine 2 and engine 3 XFEED switches have guards - right click if you need to open them. Ensure all fuel pumps are OFF. There should be no ON indicators illuminated for any of the 16 fuel pumps. Disable NACELLE and WING ANTI-ICE Enable WINDOW HEAT Nacelle anti-ice distributes air from the engines back onto the engine casing to slow formation of ice. Wing anti-ice distributes engine bleed air to the front of the wings. Both should only be enabled when the temperature is less than 10° C and visible moisture is present - something that isn't likely for the Los Angeles area. Nacelle anti-ice should only be enabled after the engines are started. Wing anti-ice should only be enabled after takeoff. Window heat will keep ice and condensation from forming on flight deck windows. As the temperature and humidity change dramatically during the stages of flight, WINDOW HEAT should be enabled at all times. Wipers and washers should be used only during taxi and flight and only when the windows are wet (in the PMDG, animated wipers are displayed in the virtual cockpit only). Turn YAW DAMPERS ON Yaw dampers automatically provide rudder and flight control input to aid the pilot and autopilot in maintaining smooth directional control. They help keep turns smooth and the passenger vomit off the apholstery. They should always be enabled during flight. The YAW DAMPER buttons are located at the top right of the OVHD panel. INOP is also displayed as the yaw dampers rely on hydraulic pressure to operate. Once the engines are started, they will remain ON and INOP will disappear. Rotate the APU switch to START (right click twice). The switch will automatically set back to ON once the START command has been given. It'll take several seconds for the APU to start. The Auxiliary Power Unit is a fuel powered engine located in the tail section of the aircraft. It provides hydraulic and pneumatic pressure and electrical power to the aircraft. In short, it provides most everything the aircraft needs to function except for the main engines. Seeing as the passengers are beginning to board now, it's a good idea to now start the APU so the air conditioning and recirculation system can begin to work. As soon as AVAIL displays on the APU GEN buttons, turn ON APU GEN 1 and APU GEN 2. The aircraft is now being powered by the onboard APU. You will notice that the aft fuel tank 2 PRESS indicator will extinguish. The APU draws its fuel from the number 2 tank and when the APU is started, this fuel pump is automatically turned on. The EXT PWR indictor(s) also extinguish and return to AVAIL if external power is available. If external power is not available at your airport, you can still perform all of the preflight operations with the APU started. We'll now set up the air conditioning and comfort systems. These controls are found at the right side of the OVHD panel. First ensure that PASS TEMP and FLT DECK temperature controls are set to AUTO. If you or the pax get too hot or cold, you can adjust the temperature Colder or Warmer. Make sure TRIM AIR is ON. Trim air is hot air that is pulled from the engines. It is mixed with the air in the airplane to control temperature. Turn ON UPR and LWR RECIRC. This turns on fans that circulate air throughout the fusilage. If you're carrying sensitive cargo (vegetables, animals, etc.) in the aft cargo hold, be sure to enable AFT CARGO HT before takeoff or it will get VERY cold back there. You should not enable it until the cargo hold doors have been closed. Turn ON the GASPER. The gasper provides pressurized air to the passenger seat comfort units in the overhead consoles - you know, the adjustable control knob you can never adjust to blow just the right amount of air in the right direction. Turn all three PACK switches to NORM. Ensure the ISLN switches are open (horizontal lines displayed and VALVE extinguished). Turn ON APU Bleed (located above the ENGINE BLEED label). Turn ENGINE BLEED ON for all four engines. All systems should be configured as shown in this picture: Air PACKS control the flow of air between the engines, the APU, the air conditioning system, and all other pneumatic systems. Setting them to NORM allows the pneumatic system to control the flow of air for all three air packs. Opening the ISLN (isolation) switches allows the air to flow freely between the air packs. Bleed air is air that is diverted from the engines and used to power the pneumatic system. We want to use bleed air from the APU at this time to pressurize the pneumatic system. This bleed air will soon be used to start the engines. By turning on the ENGINE BLEED switches now, bleed air will be available from each of the engines as soon as they are started. Let's now continue to program the rest of our flight information into the FMC. Open the FMC. The POS INIT page should still be displayed. Click the RTE button to move to the ROUTE page. This is where you would typically program your full flight plan waypoints. We will be using a previously configured flight plan for this flight. If you are comfortable programming your own, you may, though the rest of this tutorial uses specific waypoints and references from the supplied flight plan. Press and hold CLR to clear any messages that might be displayed in the scratchpad. Enter KLAXKEDW into the scratchpad by pressing the letter keys. Alternatively, you can enter text into the FMC by pressing the black KBD bar to the right of the letter keys. KBD will be displayed. You can now use your keyboard to type information into the scratchpad. Be sure to press the black KBD bar again when you're done. Press LSK3R (COROUTE) to load the flightplan into the FMC. Departure and arrival airport, as well as all intermediate waypoints will be loaded into the FMC. This loads a short flight from KLAX to KEDW (Edwards Air Force Base). Press LSK 6R (ACTIVATE) then press the EXEC button. This will activate your flightplan and pass the relevant information to the flight control computer. Press LSK 6R (PERF INIT). This opens the performance initialization screen. Any time you see boxes in the FMC, this indicates that information is required. Enter 15000 into the scratchpad and press LSK 1R. This sets our cruise altitude to 15,000 feet. In the real 747, the pilot would have to calculate and enter the Gross Weight into LSK 1L and ZFW (Zero Fuel Weight) into LSK 3R. In the PMDG, these can be automatically estimated for you. Press LSK 1L. This automatically enters the estimates for your weight parameters. Enter 10 into the scratchpad and press LSK 4L. This sets the required RESERVES for this flight to 10 percent. If your fuel goes below this, you'll receive a low fuel warning. Enter 100 into the scratchpad and press LSK 5L. This sets your COST INDEX. Cost index uses a formula to determine how efficient you want your flight to be in regards to fuel and time usage. This number is determined by the carrier, but 100 is a nice number that will get us there relatively quickly. Press LSK 6R (THRUST LIMIT) to display the thrust limitation settings used for cruise and climbout. The default settings will work fine. Pre..."

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