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"University of California Berkeley Library MLA Style Citations (Modern Language Association) This guide provides examples and the basic guidelines for citing sources following the MLA Style Manual. MLA style requires that you provide, in the text, brief parenthetical references identifying the exact part of each work you quote or base your ideas on (page number or section). Examples of MLA parenthetical references are on pages 5-6 of this guide. At the end of your paper, you must also provide an alphabetical list of "Works Cited" listing the complete citation for each work referred to parenthetically or in the text of your paper. in your parenthetical references. Works Cited List - Examples for Print Resources BOOKS General Format Single author: Multiple authors: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Talevski, Nick. The Unofficial Encyclopedia of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998. Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. For works by more than three authors or editors, you may list all as above or only the first followed by a comma and et al. Editor(s) as author(s): Translated work: Multi-volume work: Corporate author: No author named on title page: Antony, Louise M., and Charlotte E. Witt, eds. A Mind of One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity. 2nd ed. Boulder: Westview, 2002. Racine, Jean. Jean Racine's Phaedra: A Tragedy: A New Verse Translation of Phèdre. Trans. Edwin Morgan. Manchester, Eng.: Carcanet, 2000. Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Unpublished Dostoyevsky: Diaries and Notebooks (1860-81). Ed. Carl R. Proffer. Trans. T. S. Berczynski, et al. 3 vols. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1973-1976. US Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. Trident Society. The Book of Navy Songs. Arr. and harmonized Joseph W. Crosley. Garden City: Doubleday, 1926. The Bible with Sources Revealed: A New View into the Five Books of Moses. 1st ed. Trans. and commentary Richard Elliott Friedman. San Francisco: Harper, 2003. The New York Public Library American History Desk. New York: Hyperion, 2003. The formats above for names of authors, editors, translators, etc. may be applied to all similar situations, below. CHAPTER IN A BOOK or WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY or COLLECTION General Format Chapter in a book: Work in an anthology: AuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Book Chapter or Work in Other Collection." Title of Book, Anthology, or Collection. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Page numbers. Johnson, D. Barton. "Nabokov and the Sixties." Discourse and Ideology in Nabokov's Prose. Ed. David H. J. Larmour. London: Routledge, 2002. 139-49. Allende, Isabel. "Toad's Mouth." Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock beneath the Mangoes: Stories from Latin America. Ed. Thomas Colchie. New York: Plume, 1992. 83-88. JOURNAL ARTICLES General Format Continuous pagination through each volume: Each numbered issue begins with page 1: No issue numbers and each issue begins with page 1: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue-if-needed (Year or Date of Publication): Page numbers. Matar, Nabil. "English Accounts of Captivity in North Africa and the Middle East: 1577-1625." Renaissance Quarterly 54 (2001): 553-72. LaGuardia, David. "Masculinity and Metaphors of Reading in the Tiers Livre, 16-18." Esprit Createur 43.3 (2003): 5-15. Franken, Lynn. "Carnival of Silence: Bakhtin and Hugo's Notre-Dame de Paris." The Comparatist: Journal of the Southern Comparative Literature Association 25 (May 2001): 110-32. Copyright 2004 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Created by Instructional Services, Moffitt Library, University of California, Berkeley. Page 2 MAGAZINE ARTICLES General Format Consecutive pages; no author named: Non-consecutive pages; author named: AuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Article." Title of Magazine Day Month Year of Publication: page-numbers or initial-page+ if nonconsecutive. "The Decade of the Spy." Newsweek 7 Mar. 1994: 26-27. Heiling, Jean M. "E-Global Library: The Academic Campus Library Meets the Internet." Searcher June 2001:34+ NEWSPAPER ARTICLES General Format Consecutive pages: Non-consecutive pages; city not in title: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper [City of Publication If Not in Title] Day Month Year of Publication, edition: page-numbers or initial-page+ if non-consecutive. Fabricant, Florence. "From Italy, a New Culinary Movement Offers a Wry Answer to Fast Food." New York Times 15 Nov. 1989, national ed.: B6-7. Dubay, Ann. "Revenge of the Pink Collars?" Press Democrat [Santa Rosa, CA] 21 Mar. 2004, city ed.: G1+. MEDIA (Sound recordings, videos, films, radio/TV programs) Films and videos Film: Video recording: Title. Dir. Name of Director. Perf. Performer(s)FirstName(s) Last Name(s). Distributor or Publisher, year of release. Curse of Frankenstein. Dir. Terence Fisher. Perf. Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Hazel Court, and Robert Urquhart. Clarion/Warner Bros., 1989. London International Advertising Awards: U.S. Golden Oldies. Videorecording. New York: London Intl. Advertising Awards, n.d. Group-or-Artist-or-ComposerLastName, FirstName. "Title of Song If Relevant." Title of Recording. Type of recording if not CD. Manufacturer. Year of Issue. Anonymous 4. "Wayfaring Stranger." American Angels: Songs of Hope, Redemption and Glory. Harmonia Mundi USA, 2004. Begitchev, W. P., and V. Geltzer. Swan Lake: Ballet in Four Acts. Chor. Rudolf Nureyev. Music by Piotr I. Tchaikovsky. Perf. Margot Fonteyn, Nureyev, and Vienna State Opera Ballet. Vienna Symphony Orch. Cond. John Lanchbery. 1966. DVD. PolyGram Video, 1998. Sound recordings Specific song on a CD: Performance on a DVD: For additional formats and examples see MLA Handbook, 5.8.1-5. REVIEWS General Format ReviewAuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Review If Given." Rev. of Title of Item Reviewed by Author#1FirstName(s) Lastname, and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title of Journal, Magazine, or Newspaper [remaining publication information as in examples above]: Page numbers. Clough, Patricia T. "The Making of the Alcoholic Hero: Social Problems and Subject Identities." Rev. of Hollywood Shot by Shot by Norman K. Denzin. Semiotica 93.1-2 (1993): 187-94. Book review in journal; each issue begins with page 1: For additional examples see MLA Handbook, 5.7.7 and 5.9.4d. INTERVIEWS General Format IntervieweeLastName, FirstName(s). Interview, Type of interview, or "Title of Interview If Given." By InterviewerFirstName LastName if important. Publication information following the appropriate format above: Page numbers if appropriate. Hersch, Fred. Interview. By Aaron Cohen. Down Beat April 2004: 20. Peccerelli, Fredy. "'The Bones Tell the Story': Revealing History's Darker Days." New York Times 30 Mar. 2004, late ed.: F2. Litwack, Leon. Personal interview. 12 Apr. 2004. Interviewee named; untitled interview: Titled newspaper article; routine staff interviewer: Interview you conducted including date of interview: For additional examples see MLA Handbook, 5.8.7 and 5.9.9e. Page 3 GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS General Format Agency as author: Name of Government. Name of Agency #1. Name of Agency #2. Title. Number of Congress, Session of Congress. Number of publication. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. United States. Cong. House. Committee on Un-American Activities. Subversive Involvement in Disruption of 1968 Democratic Party National Convention. Hearing before the Committee on Un-American Activities. 90th Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 1968. There are many forms and irregularities in citing government publications. For more examples, see MLA Handbook, 5.6.21. DISSERTATIONS and THESES General Format (Unpublished works) Unpublished dissertations: AuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Dissertation." Diss. Degree-Granting Institution, Year. For theses, replace Diss. with MA Thesis. or MS Thesis. Fernandez, Nadine Therese. "Race, Romance, and Revolution: The Cultural Politics of Interracial Encounters in Cuba." Diss. U of California, Berkeley, 1996. Treat published dissertations like published books, but insert the type of degree, granting institution, and date between the title and the publication information. MLA style does not consider inclusion in Dissertation Abstracts to be "published"; treat as unpublished. Electronic Publications (Web and Internet) ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLES From a Library Subscription Service with Full Text (e.g., Gale Group/InfoTrac, ProQuest) Provide in this order, omitting what is not available or relevant: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue-if-needed (Year or Date of Publication): Page numbers or beginning page-. Title of Database. Name of Service. Subscribing Library or Consortium, Location of Library if Needed to Identify It. Day Month Year of access <URL of database search page>. Salter, David. "'Born to Thraldom and Penance': Wives and Mothers in Middle English Romance." Essays and Studies Annual (2002): 41-59. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale Group/InfoTrac. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/>. Hattersley, Michael. "Rock's Role in Gay Liberation." Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review 30.2: 16-. Gender Watch. ProQuest. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://gw.proquest.com/>. Pagination provided in PDF version: Only starting page number provided: From a Journal Publisher Site or Database Distributing Journals (usually reproducing print version in PDF format) Provide in this order, omitting what is not appropriate or relevant: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue-if-needed (Year or Date of Publication): Page numbers. Title of Site or Database if Different from Title of Journal. Day Month Year of access <URL>. JSTOR article: From journal publisher: From journal distributor: Santi, Enrico Mario. "Fresa y Chocolate: The Rhetoric of Cuban Reconciliation." MLN 113 (Mar. 1998): 407-425. JSTOR. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.jstor.org>. Goetz, Peggy J. "The Effects of Bilingualism on Theory of Mind Development." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 6 (2003): 1-15. Cambridge Journals Online. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://journals.cambridge.org>. Berman, Ruth, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir, and Sven Strömqvist. "Discourse Stance: Written and Spoken Language." Written Language & Literacy 5 (2002): 253-87. Ingenta Select. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://ceres.ingentaselect.com/vl=1325936/cl=79/nw=1/rpsv/~3632/v5n2/ s5/p253>. Journal available only in Web edition (no print equivalent available) No pagination: Provide in this order, omitting what is not appropriate or relevant: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume if given (Year or Date of Publication): Page numbers if available. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Paik, Peter Yoonsuk. "Smart Bombs, Serial Killing, and the Rapture: The Vanishing Bodies of Imperial Apocalypticism." Postmodern Culture 14.1 (Sep. 2003). 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/>. Page 4 ONLINE MAGAZINE ARTICLES General Format Date of publication from article, not issue; no pages: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Article." Title of Magazine Day Month Year of Article or Publication: page-numbers if provided. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Harvey, Miles. "Welcome to Armageddon: The White House Hasn't Found Any Weapons of Mass Destruction Because It's Looking in the Wrong Place." Rolling Stone 23 Mar. 2004. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://www.rollingstone.com/features/nationalaffairs/ featuregen.asp?pid=2834>. ONLINE NEWSPAPER or NEWSWIRE ARTICLES From a Library Subscription Service with Full Text (e.g., Lexis-Nexis, NewsBank) Lexis-Nexis: AuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper [City of Publication If Not in Title] Day Month Year of Publication, edition: page-numbers or initial-page+ if non-consecutive. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Schevitz, Tanya. "Regent Ties Dropout Rate to Admissions Policy: He Says Those with Low Entry Scores More Likely To Quit." San Francisco Chronicle 8 Nov. 2003, final ed.: A19. Lexis-Nexis Academic. UC Berkeley Libraries. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/ form/academic/s_guidednews.html>. "Emma Goldman Hailed As Equal of Willa Cather As 'Best Cook.'" New York Times 19 Mar. 1933: E2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times, 1857-Current file. UC Berkeley Libraries. 31 Mar. 2004 <http://uclibs.org/PID/11381>. AuthorLastName, FirstName(s). "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper or Newswire [City of Publication If Not in Title] Day Month Year of Publication. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Wardell, Jane. "Europe Shocked at Images of Killing of Americans in Iraq." Associated Press 1 Apr., 2004. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.boston.com/ dailynews/092/world/Europe_shocked_at_images_of_ki:.shtml>. New York Times in Historical Newspapers Index: From a Website or Web News Service Newswire: ONLINE BOOKS From a Database Provided by a Library NetLibrary: Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Allen, Carolyn. Following Djuna: Women Lovers and the Erotics of Loss. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1996. NetLibrary. UC Berkeley Libraries. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.netlibrary.berkeley.edu>. Author#1LastName, FirstName(s), and Author#2FirstName(s) Lastname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Day Month Year of access <URL>. Melville, Herman. Moby Dick, or The Whale. Charlottesville: U of Virginia Library, Electronic Text Center. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Mel2Mob.html>. Published on a Website of electronic texts An e-text supplier: A WEBSITE or WEB PAGE WITHIN A WEBSITE General Format Author Following Applicable Rules Above. "Title: Subtitle of Part of Web Page, if appropriate." Title: Subtitle: Section of Page if appropriate. Sponsoring/Publishing Agency, If Given. Additional significant descriptive information. Date of Electronic Publication or other Date, such as Last Updated. Day Month Year of access <URL>. A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples. Div. of Classics, Dept. of Modern & Classical Languages, Literatures, & Cultures, U of Kentucky. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/rhetoric.html>. Carter, Raphael. "'Hermaphrodite Protagonist': The Misreading of Bone Dance." Androgyny RAQ (Rarely Asked Questions). 1 Apr. 2004. <http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/bonedanc.shtml> Public Agenda. "Two-thirds of parents say having one parent stay home is an unrealistic option in today's world." Issue Guides: CHILD CARE: People's Chief Concerns. June 2000. Sponsored by The Danforth Foundation, The Ford Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Television interview conducted June 1-15, 2000. 1 Apr. 2004 <http://www.publicagenda.org/issues/ pcc_detail.cfm?issue_type=childcare&list=3>. Published by an academic institution: Published by an individual: Website published by corporate author, with sponsors: Page 5 In-Text Parenthetical Citations - MLA Style Wherever you incorporate another's words, facts, or ideas in your paper, you must indicate to your readers not only the works you used but also exactly where in the work you found the material. MLA style requires you do this using brief parenthetical references mentioning the author and page number(s) referred to. It is therefore wise to prepare the works-cited list first, so that your in-text references will match whatever is the initial element in the alphabetized list. General rules governing MLA in-text citations begin on page 7 of this guide. For readability, keep references brief. Do not repeat what is incorporated into nearby text. If your text gives the author's name (or title for works listed by title), provide only page numbers or section identifiers in parentheses. IN-TEXT REFERENCE CORRESPONDING WORKS-CITED ENTRY Citing an entire work, a one-page work, or a work with no page numbers or other clear subdivisions Fabricant's article in the New York Times Fabricant, Florence. "From Italy, a New Culinary was one of the first allusions to slow food Movement Offers a Wry Answer to Fast Food." in the U.S. New York Times 15 Nov. 1989, national ed.: B6-7. Hersch made this point repeatedly when Hersch, Fred. Interview. By Aaron Cohen. Down interviewed. Beat April 2004: 20. Paik writes eloquently about this theme. Paik, Peter Yoonsuk. "Smart Bombs, Serial Killing, and the Rapture: The Vanishing Bodies of Imperial Apocalypticism." Postmodern Culture 14.1 (Sep. 2003). 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/>. Citing a passage within a work with page numbers - one author Your text or "quoted passage" here LaGuardia, David. "Masculinity and Metaphors of (LaGuardia 7-8). Reading in the Tiers Livre, 16-18." Esprit Createur 43.3 (2003): 5-15. OR LaGuardia observes, "Quoted passage" (7-8). Citing a work by multiple authors Your text or "quoted passage" here (Berman, Berman, Ruth, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdóttir, and Sven Ragnardóttir, and Strömqvist 256). Strömqvist. "Discourse Stance: Written and Spoken Language." Written Language & OR Literacy 5 (2002): 253-287. Ingenta Select. As reported by Berman, Ragnardóttir, and UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 Strömqvist (256), your text continues. <http://ceres.ingentaselect.com/ If more than three authors, cite consistently with your vl=1325936/cl=79/nw=1/rpsv/~3632/v5n2/ work-cited list: list all last names or the first, et al. s5/p253>. Citing a work by a corporate author "Quoted passage" (US Naval 33). US Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. Trident Society. The Book of Navy Songs. Arr. and harmonized by Joseph W. Crosley. Garden City: Doubleday, 1926. The New York Public Library American History Desk. New York: Hyperion, 2003. OR A song published by the US Naval Academy in 1926 makes this clear (33). Citing a work listed by title This occurred frequently at that time (NYPL American History Desk 302). OR This is documented even in the New York Public Library American History Desk (302). Citing within a multi-volume work "Quoted passage here" (Dostoyevsky 2: 3839). OR Dostoyevsky's echoes this in his diaries sometimes (2: 38-39). Citing more than one passage in the same reference ...as noticed in Nabokov often (140, 14647). Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Unpublished Dostoevsky: Diaries and Notebooks (1860-81). Ed. Carl R. Proffer. Trans. T. S. Berczynski, et al. 3 vols. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1973-1976. OR Johnson saw this in Nabokov often (140, 146-47). Johnson, D. Barton. "Nabokov and the Sixties." Discourse and Ideology in Nabokov's Prose. Ed. David H. J. Larmour. London: Routledge, 2002. 139-49. Page 6 IN-TEXT REFERENCE Citing more than one work in the same reference Two writers noted this (Fernandez 55-56, 130; Santi 410). CORRESPONDING WORKS-CITED ENTRY Fernandez, Nadine Therese. "Race, Romance, and Revolution: The Cultural Politics of Interracial Encounters in Cuba." Diss. U of California, Berkeley, 1996. Santi, Enrico Mario. "Fresa y Chocolate: The Rhetoric of Cuban Reconciliation." MLN 113 (Mar. 1998): 407-425. JSTOR. UC Berkeley Libraries. 12 Dec. 2003 <http://www.jstor.org>. OR This is noted by both Fernandez (55-56, 130) and Santi (410). MLA Style Rules Governing Reference Lists • General. List the elements that identify the work's author, title, and publication information. For online publications, yo..."

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