Marine Corps Martial Arts - US Marine Corp (pdf document) free file download at fliiby.com

"MCRP 3-02B Marine Corps Martial Arts U.S. Marine Corps 18 February 1999 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters United States Marine Corps Washington, D.C. 20380-1775 18 February 1999 FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE Today’s Marines operate within a continuum of force where conflict may change from low intensity to high intensity over a matter of hours. Marines are also engaged in many military operations other than war, such as peacekeeping missions or noncombatant evacuation operations, where deadly force may not be authorized. During noncombative engagements, Marines must determine if a situation warrants applying deadly force. Sometimes Marines must decide in a matter of seconds because their lives or the lives of others depend on their actions. To make the right decision, Marines must understand both the lethal and nonlethal close combat techniques needed to handle the situation responsibly without escalating the violence unnecessarily. Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 3-02B, Close Combat, provides the tactics, techniques, and procedures of Marine Corps close combat. It also provides the doctrinal basis for the Marine Corps Close Combat Training Program (MCCCTP). 2. SCOPE This publication guides individual Marines, unit leaders, and close combat instructors in the proper tactics, techniques, and procedures for close combat. MCRP 3-02B is not intended to replace supervision by appropriate unit leaders and close combat instruction by qualified instructors. Its role is to ensure standardization and execution of tactics, techniques, and procedures throughout the Marine Corps. 3. SUPERSESSION MCRP 3-02B supersedes Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM) 0-7, Close Combat, dated 9 July 1993. There are significant differences between the two publications. MCRP 3-02B should be reviewed in its entirety. 4. WARNING Techniques described in this publication can cause serious injury or death. Practical application in the training of these techniques will be conducted in strict accordance with approved Entry Level Close Combat, Close Combat Instructor (CCI), and Close Combat Instructor Trainer (CCIT) lesson plans. Where serious danger exists, the reader is alerted by the following: WARNING 5. CERTIFICATION Reviewed and approved this date. BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS J. E. RHODES Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps Commanding General Marine Corps Combat Development Command DISTRIBUTION: 144 000066 00 OVERVIEW OF CLOSE COMBAT 1. Purpose of Close Combat Close combat is the physical confrontation between two or more opponents. It involves armed and unarmed and lethal and nonlethal fighting techniques that range from enforced compliance to deadly force. The purpose of close combat is to execute armed and unarmed techniques to produce both lethal and nonlethal results. Unarmed techniques include hand-to-hand combat and defense against hand-held weapons. Armed techniques include techniques applied with a rifle, bayonet, knife, baton, or any weapon of opportunity. one person complies with the demands imposed by another person. This range of actions is known as a continuum of force. Continuum of force is the concept that there is a wide range of possible actions, ranging from voice commands to application of deadly force, that may be used to gain and maintain control of a potentially dangerous situation (MCO 5500.6_, Arming of Security and Law Enforcement [LE] Personnel and the Use of Force). Continuum of force consists of five levels that correspond to the behavior of the people involved and the actions Marines use to handle the situation (see the table below). Close combat techniques are executed in levels three, four, and five. 2. Continuum of Force Marines will find themselves in both combative and noncombative situations. The threat level in these situations can rise and fall several times based on the actions of both Marines and the people involved. The escalation of force stops when . Level One: Compliant (Cooperative) The subject complies with verbal commands. Close combat techniques do not apply. Level Two: Resistant (Passive) The subject resists verbal commands but complies immediately to any contact controls. Close combat techniques do not apply. Continuum of Force Level 1 2 3 4 5 Description Compliant (Cooperative) Resistant (Passive) Resistant (Active) Assaultive (Bodily Harm) Assaultive (Serious Bodily Harm/ Death) Actions Verbal commands Contact controls Compliance techniques Defensive tactics Deadly force Note: Shading indicates levels in which Marines use close combat techniques. vi _________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-02B Level Three: Resistant (Active) The subject initially demonstrates physical resistance. Marines use compliance techniques to control the situation. Level three incorporates close combat techniques to physically force a subject to comply. Techniques include— l l l achieve an effect that is greater than their separate sum. Achieving a Decision Achieving a decision is important in close combat. An indecisive fight wastes energy and possibly Marines’ lives. Whether the intent is to control an opponent through restraint or defend themselves in war, Marines must have a clear purpose before engaging in close combat and act decisively once engaged. Come-along holds. Soft-handed stunning blows. Pain compliance through joint manipulation and the use of pressure points. Level Four: Assaultive (Bodily Harm) The subject may physically attack Marines, but he does not use a weapon. Marines use defensive tactics to neutralize the threat. Defensive tactics include the following close combat techniques: l l l l l Gaining an Advantage A basic principle of martial arts is to use the opponent’s strength and momentum against him to gain more leverage than one’s own muscles alone can generate, thereby gaining an advantage. In close combat, Marines must exploit every advantage over an opponent to ensure a successful outcome. This can include employing various weapons and close combat techniques that will present a dilemma to an opponent. Achieving surprise can also greatly increase leverage. Marines try to achieve surprise through deception, stealth, and ambiguity. Blocks. Strikes. Kicks. Enhanced pain compliance procedures. Nightstick blocks and blows. Level Five: Assaultive (Serious Bodily Harm/Death) The subject usually has a weapon and will either kill or seriously injure someone if he is not stopped immediately and brought under control. Typically, to control the subject, Marines apply deadly force through the use of a firearm, but they may also use armed and unarmed close combat techniques. Speed Marines use speed to gain the initiative and advantage over the enemy. In close combat, the speed and violence of the attack against an opponent provides Marines with a distinct advantage. Marines must know and understand the basics of close combat so they can act instinctively with speed to execute close combat techniques. Adapting 3. Marine Corps Tactical Concepts Close combat techniques support the following key Marine Corps tactical concepts. The concepts are not standalone ideas but are to be combined to Close combat can be characterized by friction, uncertainty, disorder, and rapid change. Each situation is a unique combination of shifting factors that cannot be controlled with precision or certainty. For example, a crowd control mission may call for Marines to employ various techniques ranging from nonlethal restraint to more forceful applications. Marines who adapt quickly will have a significant advantage. Close Combat ______________________________________________________________________________________________ vii Exploiting Success Typically, an enemy will not normally surrender simply because he was placed at a disadvantage. Marines cannot be satisfied with gaining an advantage in a close combat situation. They must exploit any advantage aggressively and ruthlessly until an opportunity arises to completely dominate the opponent. Marines must exploit success by using every advantage that can be gained. (reverse blank) Close Combat Table of Contents Page Overview of Close Combat Chapter 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Fundamentals of Close Combat 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 Ranges of Close Combat Weapons of the Body Target Areas of the Body Pressure Points of the Body Basic Warrior Stance Angles of Approach and Movement Balance and Off-Balancing Falls Lethal and Nonlethal Weapons Techniques Chapter 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. Bayonet Techniques Nonlethal Rifle and Shotgun Retention Techniques Nonlethal Handgun Retention Techniques Firearm Disarmament Techniques Hand-Held Weapons 2-1 2-6 2-8 2-12 Chapter 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Fundamentals of Knife Fighting Knife Fighting Techniques Weapons of Opportunity Fundamentals of Combative Stick Combative Stick Techniques Blocking Techniques Unarmed Against Hand-Held Weapons Counters to Hand-Held Weapon Attacks Strikes 3-1 3-3 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-9 3-11 3-13 Chapter 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Principles of Punches Punches Strikes with the Upper Body Strikes with the Lower Body Counters to Strikes 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-10 4-12 Close Combat ______________________________________________________________________________________________ iv Page Chapter 5. Throws 5-1 5-2 5-3 1. Turning Throw 2. Hip Throw 3. Leg Sweep Chapter 6. Chokes and Holds 1. Types of Chokes 2. Chokes 3. Counters to Chokes and Holds Chapter 7. Ground Fighting 6-1 6-1 6-5 1. Offensive Ground Fighting 2. Defensive Ground Fighting 3. Ground Fighting Chokes Chapter 8. Nonlethal Techniques 7-1 7-3 7-5 1. Unarmed Restraints and Manipulation 2. Nonlethal Baton Appendices A. Pugil Stick Training B. Safety Precautions During Training 8-1 8-9 A-1 B-1 CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOSE COMBAT This chapter describes all techniques for a right-handed person. However, all techniques can be executed from either side. The Marine is depicted in camouflage utilities. The opponent is depicted without camouflage. The fundamentals of close combat include ranges, weapons of the body, target areas of the body, and pressure points of the body. These fundamentals form the basis for all close combat techniques. They provide Marines with a common framework regardless of the type of confrontation or the techniques used. If Marines apply these fundamentals properly in a close combat situation, they may save their lives or the lives of fellow Marines. During any engagement, these ranges may blur together or may rapidly transition from one to another until either the opponent is defeated or the conflict is resolved. Long Range During long range engagements, combatants engage each other with rifles, bayonets, sticks, or entrenching tools. See figure below. 1. Ranges of Close Combat Close combat engagements occur within three ranges: long range, midrange, and close range. 1-2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-02B Midrange During midrange engagements, combatants engage each other with knives, punches, or kicks. Fists. To minimize injury to the fists, Marines use their fists as weapons to target soft tissue areas such as the throat. The fists’ striking surfaces are the first two knuckles of the hands or the meaty portions of the hands below the little fingers. Edge of Hand. Marines use the edge of the hand (knife edge) as a weapon. Marines use the edge of the hand to strike soft tissue areas. Close Range During close range engagements, combatants grab each other. Close range engagements also involve elbow strikes, knee strikes, and grappling. Palms. Because of the palm’s padding, Marines use the heels of the palms to strike, parry, and/or block. Fingers. Marines use the fingers to gouge, rip, and tear soft tissue areas (e.g., eyes, throat, groin). 2. Weapons of the Body Hands and Arms The hands, forearms, and elbows are the arm’s individual weapons. The hands consist of several areas that can be used as weapons: fists, edges of hands, palms, and fingers. Forearms. Marines use the forearms as a defen- sive tool to deflect or block attacks. Forearms can also be used as striking weapons to damage or break an opponent’s joints and limbs. Marines sustain less self-injury when strikes are conducted Close Combat _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-3 with the forearms than when strikes are conducted with fists and fingers. Elbows. Marines use the elbows as striking devastating secondary attack to an opponent’s face following an initial attack that caused him to bend at the waist. weapons. Because of the short distance needed to generate power, elbows are excellent weapons for striking during the close range of close combat. 3. Target Areas of the Body During close combat, Marines strive to attack the accessible target areas of an opponent’s body. The readily accessible areas will vary with each situation and throughout the engagement. The target areas are divided into five major groups: head, neck, torso, groin, and extremities. The figure below illustrates target areas of the body. Legs The legs are more powerful than any other weapon of the body, and they are less prone to injury when striking. The feet are protected by boots and are the preferred choice for striking. Feet. Marines use the balls of the feet, the insteps, and the toes to kick an opponent. Marines use the cutting edge of the heels and the heels to stomp on an opponent. Marines must be wearing boots when striking with the toes. Knees. Like elbows, knees are excellent weapons in the close range of close combat. Knee strikes are most effective while fighting close to an opponent where kicks are impractical. The opponent’s groin area is an ideal target for the knee strike if he is standing upright. Knee strikes can deliver a Temple Ears Carotid Sinus Jaw Eyes Nose Head The vulnerable regions of the head are the eyes, temple, nose, ears, and jaw. Massive damage to the head kills an opponent. Eyes. The eyes are excellent targets because they are soft tissue areas that are not protected by bone or muscle. Attacks to this area may cause the opponent to protect the area with his hands, allowing Marines to execute a secondary attack to other Cervical Vertebrae Clavicle Solar Plexus Extremities Ribs Kidneys Groin Extremities 1-4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-02B target areas while the opponent uses his hands to protect his eyes. Temple. The temple is one of the most fragile ar- and spinal cord. Excessive damage to this area causes pain, paralysis, or death. Torso Clavicle. The opponent’s clavicle (or collar bone) eas of the head. Powerful strikes to the opponent’s temple cause permanent damage and death. Nose. The nose is very sensitive and easily bro- can be easily fractured, causing immobilization of the arm. Solar Plexus. Attacks to the opponent’s solar ken. An attack to this area causes involuntary watering and closing of the opponent’s eyes, rendering him vulnerable to secondary attacks. However, through training, individuals can condition themselves to withstand attacks to the nose. Therefore, any attack to the nose must be powerfully delivered. Ears. Attacks to the ears may cause the eardrum plexus or center of the chest can knock the breath out of him and immobilize him. Ribs. Damage to the opponent’s ribs immobilizes him. It may also cause internal trauma. Kidneys. Powerful attacks to the opponent’s kid- to rupture. But this may not stop or even distract an opponent unless Marines powerfully deliver the strike. Jaw. The jaw region, when struck forcefully, ren- neys cause immobilization, permanent damage, or death. Groin The groin area is another soft tissue area not covered by natural protection. Any damage to this area causes the opponent to involuntarily protect his injured area, usually with his hands or legs. In male opponents, the scrotum is the main target since even a near miss causes severe pain, contraction of the lower abdominal muscles, deterioration of his stance, and possible internal trauma. ders the opponent unconscious. Strikes to the jaw cause painful injuries to the teeth and surrounding tissues (e.g., lips, tongue), but the risk of self-injury is great unless Marines deliver strikes with a hard object such as a helmet, rifle butt, or boot heel. Neck The front of the neck, or throat area, is a soft tissue area that is not covered by natural protection. Damage to this region causes the opponent’s trachea to swell, closing his airway, which can lead to death. Carotid Sinus. The carotid sinus is located on both sides of the neck just below the jaw. Strikes to the carotid sinus restrict blood flow to the brain, causing loss of consciousness or death. Cervical Vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae on Extremities Rarely will an attack to the opponent’s extremities (arms and legs) cause death, but they are important target areas in close combat. Damage to an opponent’s joints causes immobilization. 4. Pressure Points of the Body There are nerves in the human body that, when pressure is applied or when they are struck, allow Marines to control a subject through pain compliance. Marines use pressure points to control an opponent when deadly force is not authorized. They also use pressure points to soften or distract an opponent so a lethal or nonlethal technique can be employed. The figure on page 1-5 illustrates the back of the neck, from the base of the skull to the top of the shoulders, contains the spinal cord, which is the nervous system’s link to the brain. The weight of the head and the lack of large muscle mass allow damage to the cervical vertebrae Close Combat _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 the body’s pressure points. Marines execute attacks to pressure points by— l l Jugular Notch The jugular notch is at the base of the neck in the notch formed at the center of the clavicle. Marines apply pressure in a quick, stabbing motion with the index finger. Strikes to the jugular notch cause serious damage. Rapidly kicking or striking pressure points. Slowly applying steady pressure to pressure points. Infraorbital Nerve The infraorbital nerve is just below the nose. Marines apply pressure to this nerve with an index finger to control the opponent. Brachial Plexus (Tie In) The brachial plexus (tie in) is on the front of the shoulder at the joint. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand are effective on this nerve. Mastoid Process The mastoid process is behind the base of the ear and beneath the edge of the jaw. Marines apply inward and upward pressure to this pressure point with the fingers to distract and control the opponent. Radial Nerves Radial nerves are on the inside of the forearms along the radius bones. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand to the radial nerve serve as a softening technique. 1-6 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ MCRP 3-02B Ulnar Nerve Ulnar nerves are on the outside of the forearms along the ulnar bones. Strikes and pressure applied with the hand to the ulnar nerve serve as a softening technique. the basic warrior stance, Marines put their feet apart, hands up, elbows in, and chin down. Feet Apart Place feet shoulder-width apart. Keep the head forward and eyes on the opponent, take a half step forward with the left foot, and pivot on the heels so the hips and shoulders are at approximately a 45-degree angle to the right. Distribute body weight evenly on both legs. Bend the knees slightly. Pressure Point on the Hand The hands contain a pressure point on the webbing between the thumbs and index fingers where the two bo..."

You need to upgrade your Flash Player , or try to enable javascript in order see this document properly.