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15 October 1991 The World Factbook 1991 Some tags useful for searching the factbook are as follows: _@_ the first three characters in each country heading; for example, _@_Afghanistan _@_Albania _@_Algeria _@_American Samoa the first three characters in each section heading; for example, _*_Geography _*_People _*_Government _*_Economy the first three characters in each individual entry; for example, _#_Total area _#_Comparative area _#_Land boundaries _#_Coastline the first three characters in the first line following the end of a country section or an appendix
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THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1991 The World Factbook is produced annually by the Central Intelligence Agency for the use of United States Government officials, and the style, format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. Information was provided by the Bureau of the Census, Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of State, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Maritime Administration, National Science Foundation (Polar Information Program), Navy Operational Intelligence Center, Office of Territorial and International Affairs, United States Board on Geographic Names, United States Coast Guard, and others. Comments and queries are welcome and may be addressed to: Central Intelligence Agency Attn: Public Affairs Washington, DC 20505 (703) 351-2053 ************************************************************************* US Government officials should obtain copies of The World Factbook
directly from their own organizations or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. This publication is also available in microfiche, magnetic tape, or diskettes for microcomputers. This publication may be purchased by telephone (VISA or MasterCard) or mail from: Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402-9325 Tel: (202) 783-3238 A subscription to this publication may be purchased from: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Tel: (703) 487-4630 or: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, DC 20540 Tel: (202) 707-9527
This publication may be purchased in photocopy, microfiche, magnetic tape, or diskettes for microcomputers from: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Tel: (703) 487-4650 This publication may be purchased in photocopy or microform from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, DC 20540 Tel: (202) 707-5640 ************************************************************************* Table of Contents Notes, Definitions, and Abbreviations Text (247 nations, dependent areas, and other entities) Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina
Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China (also see separate Taiwan entry) Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt
El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The Gaza Strip Germany Ghana Gibraltar Glorioso Islands Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Honduras Hong Kong Howland Island Hungary Iceland India Indian Ocean Indonesia Iran Iraq Iraq-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone Ireland Israel (also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries) Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Jan Mayen Japan Jarvis Island Jersey Johnston Atoll Jordan (also see separate West Bank entry)
Juan de Nova Island Kenya Kingman Reef Kiribati Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Laos Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Luxembourg Macau Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Man, Isle of Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia, Federated States of Midway Islands Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nauru Navassa Island Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the
(Palau) Pacific Ocean Pakistan Palmyra Atoll Panama Papua New Guinea Paracel Islands Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Islands Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Soviet Union Spain Spratly Islands Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan entry follows Zimbabwe Tanzania Thailand Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tromelin Island Tunisia
Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands Wake Island Wallis and Futuna West Bank Western Sahara Western Samoa World Yemen Yugoslavia Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Taiwan Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix A: B: C: D: E: The United Nations System International Organization and Group Abbreviations International Organizations and Groups Weights and Measures Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
Notes, Definitions, and Abbreviations There have been some significant changes in this edition. The Literacy entry now includes rates for males, females, and both sexes. Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups is new and includes date established, aim, and list of members. Three maps of special interest have been added this year--republics of the Soviet Union, ethnic groups in the Soviet Union, and ethnic groups in Eastern Europe. _#_Abbreviations: (see Appendix B for international organizations and groups) avdp. c.i.f. avoirdupois cost, insurance, and freight
CY DWT est. Ex-Im f.o.b. FRG FY GDP GDR GNP GRT km km2 kW kWh m NA NEGL nm NZ ODA OOF PDRY
calendar year deadweight ton estimate Export-Import Bank of the United States free on board Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91 fiscal year gross domestic product German Democratic Republic (East Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91 gross national product gross register ton kilometer square kilometer kilowatt kilowatt-hour meter not available negligible nautical mile New Zealand official development assistance other official flows People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91 United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union) Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
UAE UK US USSR YAR
_#_Administrative divisions: The numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions are generally those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted upon by BGN are noted. _#_Area: Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Comparative areas are based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 km2, 69 miles2) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 km2, 0.23 miles2, 146 acres). _#_Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 population at midyear. Also known as crude birth rate.
_#_Dates of information: In general, information available as of 1 January 1991 was used in the preparation of this edition. Population figures are estimates for 1 July 1991, with population growth rates estimated for mid-1991 through mid-1992. Major political events have been updated through 30 June 1991. Military age figures are average annual estimates for 1991-95. _#_Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per l,000 population at midyear. Also known as crude death rate. _#_Diplomatic representation: The US Government has diplomatic relations with 162 nations. There are only 144 US embassies, since some nations have US ambassadors accredited to them, but no physical US mission exists. The US has diplomatic relations with 151 of the 159 UN members--the exceptions are Angola, Belorussia (Byelorussia; constituent republic of the Soviet Union), Cambodia, Cuba, Iran, Vietnam, Ukraine (constituent republic of the Soviet Union) and, obviously, the US itself. In addition, the US has diplomatic relations with 12 nations that are not in the UN--Andorra, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Korea, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, and the Vatican City. North Korea is not in the UN and the US does not have diplomatic relations with that nation. The US has not recognized the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union and continues to accredit the diplomatic representatives of their last free governments. _#_Disputes: This category includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Every international land boundary dispute in the "Guide to International Boundaries," a map published by the Department of State, is included. References to other situations may also be included that are border- or frontier-relevant, such as maritime disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues. However, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government. _#_Economic aid: This entry refers to bilateral commitments of: Official Development Assistance (ODA), which is defined as government grants that (a) are administered with the promotion of economic development and welfare of LDCs as their main objective and (b) are concessional in character and contain a grant element of at least 25%; and Other Official Flows (OOF) or transactions by the official sector whose main objective is other than development-motivated or whose grant element is below the 25% threshold for ODA. OOF transactions include official export credits (such as Eximbank credits), official equity and portfolio investment, and debt reorganization by the official sector that does not meet concessional terms. Aid is considered to have been committed when agreements are initialed by the parties involved and constitute a formal declaration
of intent. _#_Entities: Some of the nations, dependent areas, areas of special sovereignty, and governments included in this publication are not independent, and others are not officially recognized by the US Government. Nation refers to a people politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory. Dependent area refers to a broad category of political entities that are associated in some way with a nation. Names used for page headings are usually the short-form names as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names. The long-form name is included in the Government section and an entry of "none" indicates a long-form name does not exist. In some instances, no short-form name exists--then the long-form name must serve for all usages. There are 247 entities in the Factbook that may be categorized as follows: NATIONS 157 UN members (there are 159 members in the UN, but only 157 are included in The World Factbook because Belorussia (Byelorussia) and Ukraine are constituent republics of the Soviet Union) 13 nations that are not members of the UN--Andorra, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, North Korea, San Marino, South Korea, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vatican City OTHER 1 Taiwan DEPENDENT AREAS 6 Australia--Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island 2 Denmark--Faroe Islands, Greenland 16 France--Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Guiana, French Polynesia, F..."
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