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"SUSE Linux 10.1 April 07, 2006 www.novell.com Start-Up Start-Up List of Authors: Jörg Arndt, Stefan Behlert, Frank Bodammer, James Branam, Volker Buzek, Klara Cihlarova, Stefan Dirsch, Olaf Donjak, Roman Drahtmüller, Thorsten Dubiel, Torsten Duwe, Thomas Fehr, Stefan Fent, Werner Fink, Jakub Friedl, Kurt Garloff, Joachim Gleißner, Carsten Groß, Andreas Grünbacher, Berthold Gunreben, Franz Hassels, Andreas Jaeger, Jana Jaeger, Klaus Kämpf, Andi Kleen, Hubert Mantel, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Chris Mason, Johannes Meixner, Lars Müller, Matthias Nagorni, Anas Nashif, Siegfried Olschner, Edith Parzefall, Peter Pöml, Thomas Renninger, Hannes Reinecke, Scott Rhoades, Thomas Rölz, Heiko Rommel, Tanja Roth, Marcus Schäfer, Thomas Schraitle, Klaus Singvogel, Frank Sundermeyer, Elisabeth Tobiasson, Hendrik Vogelsang, Klaus G. Wagner, Rebecca Walter, Christian Zoz This publication is intellectual property of Novell Inc. Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright label is visibly located on each copy. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LINUX GmbH, the authors, nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Novell, the Novell logo, the N logo and SUSE are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. * Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Contents About This Guide Part 1 Setup vii 1 3 3 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 19 28 1 Installation with YaST 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Boot Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Desktop Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphical Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 System Configuration with YaST 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 YaST Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AppArmor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YaST in Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 30 30 31 43 50 60 61 66 66 70 73 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Update from the Command Line SaX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting . . . . . . . For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 79 86 86 Part 2 Basics 87 89 Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... ................... ................... 90 102 105 116 3 Working with the Shell 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Getting Started with the Bash Users and Access Permissions Important Linux Commands . The vi Editor . . . . . . . 4 Help and Documentation 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Using the SUSE Help Center . . . . . . Man Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . Info Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Linux Documentation Project . . . Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia Guides and Books . . . . . . . . . . Package Documentation . . . . . . . Usenet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 121 125 126 126 127 127 128 129 129 Part 3 Desktop 133 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 138 138 142 148 148 151 151 151 152 162 162 5 Getting Started with the KDE Desktop 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 Logging In and Selecting a Desktop . . . . . . . . Logging Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Desktop Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managing Folders and Files with Konqueror . . . . Opening or Creating Documents with OpenOffice.org Finding Something on Your Computer . . . . . . . Exploring the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-Mail and Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving Text between Applications . . . . . . . . Important Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obtaining Software Updates . . . . . . . . . . . For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Customizing Your KDE Desktop 6.1 6.2 Changing Individual Desktop Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring Your Desktop with the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . 163 163 164 7 Getting Started with the GNOME Desktop 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 Logging In and Selecting a Desktop . . . . . . . . Logging Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Desktop Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managing Files and Folders with Nautilus . . . . . Managing Network Connections . . . . . . . . . Accessing Network Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . Opening or Creating Documents with OpenOffice.org Finding Files on Your Computer . . . . . . . . . Exploring the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-Mail and Calendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving Text between Applications . . . . . . . . Important Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obtaining Software Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 173 176 176 183 186 187 187 188 192 192 193 193 198 8 Customizing Your GNOME Desktop 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Hardware Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Look and Feel Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying the Appearance of Menus and Toolbars Setting Preferred Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 200 201 203 205 206 207 Part 4 Troubleshooting 209 211 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . 211 212 221 223 230 234 241 9 Common Problems and Their Solutions 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Finding Information . . Installation Problems . . Boot Problems . . . . Login Problems . . . . Network Problems . . . Data Problems . . . . . Support for SUSE Linux . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Index 247 About This Guide This guide will see you through your initial contact with SUSE Linux. Whether you are a first time user or an experienced administrator, check out the various parts of this manual to learn how to use and enjoy your SUSE Linux system. Setup Learn how to install and maintain your SUSE Linux system. Basics Get an introduction to the Linux desktop and to the most important software options for SUSE Linux. In addition to that, learn how to find help or additional documentation in case you need more in-depth information about your system. Desktop Learn more about the your preferred desktop, GNOME or KDE. Troubleshooting Check out a compilation of the most frequent problems and annoyances and learn how to solve these problems on your own. 1 Feedback We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other documentation included with this product. Please use the User Comments feature at the bottom of each page of the online documentation and enter your comments there. 2 Additional Documentation There are other manuals available on this SUSE Linux product, either online at http://www.novell.com/documentation/ or in your installed system under /usr/share/doc/manual: SUSE Linux Reference This guide covers advanced system administration tasks with SUSE Linux. Find an online version of this document at http://www.novell.com/ documentation/suse10/. SUSE Linux Applications This guide features a selection of the most important tools offered by your SUSE Linux. Find an online version of this document at http://www.novell.com/ documentation/suse101/. Novell AppArmor 2.0 Administration Guide This guide contains in-depth information about the use of AppArmor in your environment. Find an online version of this document at http://www.novell .com/documentation/apparmor/. 3 Documentation Conventions The following typographical conventions are used in this manual: • /etc/passwd: filenames and directory names • placeholder: replace placeholder with the actual value • PATH: the environment variable PATH • ls, --help: commands, options, and parameters • user: users or groups • Alt , Alt + F1 : a key to press or a key combination; keys are shown in uppercase as on a keyboard • File, File → Save As: menu items, buttons • Dancing Penguins (Chapter Penguins, ↑Reference): This is a reference to a chapter in another book. viii Start-Up 4 About the Making of This Manual This book is written in Novdoc, a subset of DocBook (see http://www.docbook .org). The XML source files were validated by xmllint, processed by xsltproc, and converted into XSL-FO using a customized version of Norman Walsh's stylesheets. The final PDF is formatted through XEP from RenderX. 5 Acknowledgments With a lot of voluntary commitment, the developers of Linux cooperate on a global scale to promote the development of Linux. We thank them for their efforts—this distribution would not exist without them. Furthermore, we thank Frank Zappa and Pawar. Special thanks, of course, go to Linus Torvalds. Have a lot of fun! Your SUSE Team About This Guide ix Part 1. Setup Installation with YaST The installation of a SUSE Linux system is performed by the system assistant YaST. Adjust the default settings as described here to install a system that meets your needs. Background information is provided where appropriate. 1 1.1 System Start-Up for Installation Insert the first SUSE Linux CD or the DVD into the drive. Then reboot the computer to start the installation program from the medium in the drive. 1.1.1 Selecting the Source of the Installation Data You can install from a local installation source, such as the SUSE Linux CDs or DVD or get the installation sources from an FTP, HTTP, or NFS server. Any of these approaches require physical access to the system to install and user interaction during the installation. The installation procedure is basically the same, no matter which installation source or method you prefer. Installing from the SUSE Linux Media Install from physical boot media (your SUSE Linux media kit) as follows: 1 Insert the media into your CD or DVD drive. Installation with YaST 3 2 Reboot the system. 3 At the boot screen, select Installation and follow the instructions given in Section 1.2, “The Boot Screen” (page 5) and the following sections. Installing from a Network Server Using SLP If your network setup supports OpenSLP and your network installation source has been configured to announce itself via OpenSLP (see Section “Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources” (Chapter 1, Remote Installation, ↑Reference)), proceed as follows to install SUSE Linux. 1 Set up an installation server as described in Section “Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources” (Chapter 1, Remote Installation, ↑Reference). 2 Insert the first CD of the media kit into the CD-ROM drive an reboot the machine. 3 At the boot screen, select Installation, press F4 then select SLP. The installation program retrieves the location of the network installation source using OpenSLP and configures the network connection with DHCP. If the DHCP network configuration fails, you are prompted to enter the appropriate parameters manually. The installation then proceeds normally. 4 Finish the installation as if you had chosen to install from physical media. Installing from a Network Server To perform a manual installation using a network installation source, proceed as follows: 1 Set up an installation server as described in Section “Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources” (Chapter 1, Remote Installation, ↑Reference). 2 Insert the first CD or DVD of the media kit into the corresponding drive then reboot the machine. 3 At the boot screen, select Installation and use the boot options prompt to pass additional information, such as: 4 Start-Up • Location of the installation server: install=protocol:inst_source Replace protocol with the protocol prefix for the service used by the installation server (nfs, http, or ftp). Replace inst_source with the IP address of the installation server. • Network configuration parameters if your setup does not support DHCP configuration (see Section “Using Custom Boot Options” (Chapter 1, Remote Installation, ↑Reference) for reference). 4 Press Enter to boot for installation. If no network parameters have been specified at the boot options prompt, the installation routines try to set up the network using DHCP. If this fails, you are prompted for these parameters. After you have provided them, the installation proceeds. 5 Finish the installation as if you had chosen to install from the physical media. 1.2 The Boot Screen The boot screen displays a number of options for the installation procedure. Boot from Hard Disk boots the installed system. This item is selected by default, because the CD is often left in the drive. To install the system, select one of the installation options with the arrow keys. The relevant options are: Installation The normal installation mode. All modern hardware functions are enabled. Installation—ACPI Disabled If the normal installation fails, this might be due to the system hardware not supporting ACPI (advanced configuration and power interface). If this seems to be the case, use this option to install without ACPI support. Installation—Safe Settings Boots the system with the DMA mode (for CD-ROM drives) and power management functions disabled. Experts can also use the command line to enter or change kernel parameters. Installation with YaST 5 Use the function keys indicated in the bar at the bottom of the screen to change a number of installation settings. F1 Get context-sensitive help for the active element of the boot screen. F2 Select the display language for the installation. A few seconds after starting the installation, SUSE Linux loads a minimal Linux system to run the installation procedure. If you want to know what is going on during the boot process, press Esc to see messages and copyright notices scroll by. At the end of the loading process, the YaST installation program starts. After a few more seconds, the screen should display the graphical installer. The actual installation of SUSE Linux begins at this point. All YaST screens have a common layout. All buttons, entry fields, and lists can be accessed with the mouse or the keyboard. If your mouse pointer does not move, the mouse has not been detected automatically. In this case, use the keyboard for the time being. Navigation with the keyboard is similar to the description in Section 2.11.1, “Navigation in Modules” (page 74). 1.3 Language Selection YaST and SUSE Linux in general can be configured to use different languages according to your needs. The language selected here is also used for the keyboard layout. In addition, YaST uses the language setting to guess a time zone for the system clock. These settings can be modified later along with the selection of secondary languages to install on your system. If your mouse does not work, select the language with the arrow keys and press Tab until Next is highlighted. Then press Enter to confirm your language selection. 1.4 License Agreement Read the license agreement that is displayed on screen thoroughly. If you agree to the terms, choose Yes, I Agree to the License Agreement and click Next to confirm your 6 Start-Up selection. If you do not agree to the license agreement, you are not allowed to install SUSE Linux and the installation terminates. 1.5 System Analysis Select New installation or Update an existing system. Updating is only possible if a SUSE Linux system is already installed. When a SUSE Linux system is already installed, use Other to access two advanced options: boot the installed system with Boot installed system or, if the installed system fails to boot, you can try to fix the problem with Repair installed system. If no SUSE Linux system is installed, you can only perform a new installation. The following sections describe the procedure of installing a new system. Find detailed instructions for a system update in Section 2.3.7, “Updating the System” (page 41). Find a description of the system repair options in Section “Using YaST System Repair” (page 237). 1.6 Time Zone In this dialog, select your region and time zone from the lists. During installation, both are preselected according to the selected installation language. Choose between Local Time and UTC (GMT) under Hardware Clock Set To. The selection depends on how the BIOS hardware clock is set on your machine. If it is set to GMT, which corresponds to UTC, your system can rely on SUSE Linux to switch from standard time to daylight saving time and back automatically. Click Change to set the current date and time. When finished, click Next to continue the installation. 1.7 Desktop Selection In SUSE Linux, you can choose from various desktops. KDE and GNOME are powerful graphical desktop environments similar to Windows©. Find information about these in Chapter 5, Getting Started with the KDE Desktop (page 135) and Chapter 7, Getting Started with the GNOME Desktop (page 173). If you do not want either, choose Other and click Select for more options. With Minimal Graphical System, install a graphical window manager that allows for running stand-alone X applications and console win- Installation with YaST 7 dows but does not provide the usual integrated desktop functionality. In Text Mode, only console terminals are available. 1.8 Installation Summary After a thorough system analysis, YaST presents reasonable suggestions for all installation settings. The options that sometimes need manual intervention in common installation situations are presented under the Overview tab. Find more special options in the Expert tab. After configuring any of the items presented in these dialogs, you are always returned to the summary window, which is updated accordingly. The individual settings are discussed in the following sections. Figure 1.1 Installation Settings 1.8.1 Partitioning In most cases, YaST proposes a reasonable partitioning scheme that can be accepted without change. YaST can also be used t..."

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