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"-------------------------------------------------------------------------Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture (3rd ed.) by Uncle Fester -------------------------------------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION This book is the result of six years experience in the field of manufacturing methamphetamine. It contains virtually everything I know about the subject. There are a lot of secrets in this area, hence the title Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture. A thorough review of the scientific literature on this subject will show that the descriptions of this process are, at best, vague and imprecise, at worst, downright wrong. The Russian journals are especially unreliable. There are two reasons for this. First of all, the companies holding patents on the processes want to keep their trade secrets secure, so they disclose no more than is absolutely necessary to obtain their patents. Secondly, the articles written by university scientists cover the making of large numbers of compounds and so do not delve deeply into the details of making any particular one. This book fills the glaring gap in published scientific literature. The reader receives the benefit of my lengthy scientific education at expensive and prestigious universities and detailed knowledge of these processes that would otherwise be available only through tedious and expensive experiments. There is no magic involved, only good chemistry, and I show how underground chemists manufacture illegal drugs and get away with it. Skilled and successful underground chemists have usually taken a college level Organic Chemistry course, with lab, for at least one semester. In this lab, they get practice in distillation, extraction, and other skills involved in making methamphetamine. At the very least, they will go to a college bookstore and purchase the lab manual for the Organic Chemistry class. That book goes into some detail on how to distill, reflux, etc. While this book is not meant to encourage anyone to break the law, it does point out the ultimate futility of government prohibition of "controlled substances" by showing just how easily these substances can be manufactured. Underground drug manufacturers sometimes enjoy chipping into their own product. If there is one product which underground chemists can make, and also enjoy themselves, it is methamphetamine, the fuel that powered the Third Reich. They need have no fear of messing up their batches while under the influence of methamphetamine, unlike chemical garbage such as PCP. Legal methamphetamine is sold under such trade names as Desoxyn, Methedrine, etc. It is closely related both in structure and effects to regular amphetamine, called benzedrine and dexedrine. The difference between methedrine and benzedrine is that meth is more potent and its effect lasts a longer time. Meth is a potent stimulant similar in effect to cocaine, but much longer lasting. Where I come from, if people have a choice between coke and meth, they will choose meth, unless it's 2 AM. This is because meth is a much better bargain and can keep a man rolling through a hard day's work or a long night of play, or both. It sharpens the mind, allowing great amounts of mental work to be done quickly and error-free. It also sharpens one's reflexes to previously unknown levels, perfect for football. If you are planning to get into a fight, there is nothing better. It's not banned from boxing for nothing. The effects of meth on sexual function is a crap shoot. One day you will be a sexual athlete, the likes of which has never been seen this side of the porno flicks, the next you will be a complete failure. The odds in favor of athleticism are about 3 to 1, but can be improved by moderate alcohol consumption, and worsened by heavy drinking or immoderate use of meth. Poorly purified meth also has this drawback. The product should be distilled carefully. On the street, methamphetamine is known by such names as meth, crystal meth, crystal, speed, crank or wire. Most of the stuff on the street shows the telltale signs of sloppy lab work: yellow crystals, sticky crystals, or a tendency to soak up water from the air and melt. Back in the 60s, meth got a bad name because fools were shooting the stuff up constantly, starving themselves to death or getting hepatitis. This is how the slogan "speed kills" got started. If you do not have suicidal tendencies, accept the fact that your sinus cavities are close enough to your brain. You must also control your intake of meth. I would recommend no more than 50 milligrams (1/20 gram), no more than three times a week. Any more than this, and bad effects begin to appear, such as difficulty in thinking clearly, paranoid behavior and excessive weight loss leading finally to amphetamine psychosis, which quickly fades upon stopping consumption of amphetamine. Meth is not physically addicting, but since good effective stimulation is so enjoyable, it is habit-forming. People have been known to take extremely large doses, over a gram, and survive with no after effects, so overdoses are not a problem unless you have some underlying problem like a bad heart or hard arteries. I have some recommendations for underground chemists who consume their own product. First of all, they must eat well whether they feel like eating or not. Most people can stand to lose 10 pounds or so, but beyond that, forget it. It has been my experience that a few beers is usually all it takes to get a speed demon in the mood to eat. They'll probably need a few beers to get to sleep anyway, so they might as well take care of both things at once. I also recommend a 1/2 gram of phenylalanine per day. This is because meth works by releasing stores of norepinephrine from the brain, charging it up to new levels of activity. The amino acid phenylalanine is the starting material for making more norepinephrine, and a good supply of it will help refill spent stocks. They should also take a good mega-multi-vitamin with the minerals, selenium and zinc. They must not take methamphetamine closer than 6-8 hours before bedtime, or they will have to drink the bar dry to get to sleep. -------------------------------------------------------------------------CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The heart of the chemical laboratory is the set of glassware collectively called "the kit." It consists of several round bottom flasks, a claisen adapter, a still head with thermometer holder, a thermometer, a condenser, a vacuum adapter and a separatory funnel (sep funnel, for short). These pieces each have ground glass joints of the same size, so that the set can be put together in a variety of ways, depending on the process being done. For the production of quarter to third of a pound batches, 24/40 size ground glass joints are used. Also necessary are one each of the following sizes of round bottom flasks: 3000 ml, 2000 ml and 500 ml; and two each of 1000 ml and 250 ml. Two condensers are also required, both of the straight central tube variety, one about 35 cm in length, the other about 50 cm in length. Other glassware used are several 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, about 5 pieces of plain (not Pyrex) glass tubing about three feet long, and a Buchner filtering funnel with the filtering flask it fits into. All this glassware costs in the range of $600-$700, and is available at many scientific supply houses on a cash-and-carry basis. The best equipment supply house in the Midwest is Sargent-Welch in Skokie. Illinois. Another necessary piece of equipment is a source of vacuum for vacuum distillation and filtering the crystal product. Here there are two choices. each with its advantages and disadvantages. One choice is the aspirator, also called a water pump. It works by running tap water through it under good pressure, producing a vacuum in the side arm theoretically equal to the vapor pressure of the water being run through it (see Figure 1). For this reason, the best vacuum is obtained with cold water, since it has a lower vapor pressure. The vacuum is brought from the side arm to the glassware by an automotive type vacuum hose such as can be purchased at an auto parts store. The vacuum adapter and filtering flask each have nipples to which the other end of the hose is attached, making it possible to produce a vacuum inside the glassware. The top end of the aspirator is threaded so it can be threaded into the water source. Alternatively, the threaded head can be pushed inside a section of garden house and secured by a pipe clamp. The hose can then be attached to a cold water faucet. The bottom end of the aspirator, where the water comes out, is rippled and can also be pushed and clamped inside a section of garden hose leading to the drain. The aspirator is kept in an upright position and at a lower level than the glassware it serves. This is because water has a habit of finding its wav into the vacuum hose and running into the batch. Keeping the aspirator lower forces the water to run uphill to get into the glassware. The aspirator has the disadvantage that it requires constant water pressure flowing through it, or the vacuum inside the glassware draws water from it inside to make a mess of the batch. For this reason, only city water is used. And, unless the vacuum line is disconnected from the glassware before the water flow through the aspirator is turned off, the same thing will happen. The aspirator has these advantages: it flushes fumes from the chemicals down with the water flow, costs only about $10, and produces no sparks. A well-working aspirator produces a vacuum of 10 to 20 torr (2 to 3% of normal air pressure)(The unit "torr" means one milliliter of Mercury pressure. Normal air pressure is 760 torr.). The other choice for a source of vacuum is an electric vacuum pump, which costs about $200, not including the electric motor, purchased separately. To avoid the danger of sparks, the motor must be properly grounded. The pump has the advantage that it can be used in the country, where steady water pressure is not available. It also produces a better vacuum than the aspirator, about 5 torr, for faster and lower temperature distillation. It has the disadvantage of exhausting the chemical fumes it pumps into the room air, unless provision is made to pump them outside. The oil inside the pump also tends to absorb the vapors of ether or benzene it is pumping, thereby ruining the vacuum it can produce and making it necessary to change the oil. Another necessary piece of equipment is a single-burner-element buffet range with infinite temperature control. It is perfect for every heating operation and only costs about $20 at a department store. Finally, a couple of ringstands with a few Fisher clamps are used to hold the glassware in position. A number of troublesome yet futile laws have been enacted since the publication of the first edition of this book. On the federal level, phenylacetic acid and phenylacetronitrile are now restricted chemicals. See Federal Register, Section 1310.02 Section A, "listed precursor chemicals." This means that clandestine operators wishing to use these materials will either have to smuggle them in from abroad, or make them from simpler, noncontrolled materials. For this last option, see Organic Syntheses, Collective Volumes I, II, and III. Check the table of contents to find directions for making the desired substance. An even more noxious, yet similarly futile law has been enacted in California. Since this is bound to be the model for similar laws enacted throughout the country, let's examine it more closely. The most easily defeated part of the law concems the sale of chem lab equipment and chemicals. The law states that purchasers of equipment and/or chemicals in excess of $100 must present proper ID, and that the seller must save the bill of sale for inspection by officers of the law. Since most individual pieces of chem lab equipment go for less than $100, this law is gotten around by keeping one's equipment purchases under $100, and splitting up one's business between various suppliers. The five finger discount method while attending college chem lab courses is another option. Similarly, transfers between friends, and the old fashioned heist from well-stocked labs are other ways around this law. The most stringent section of the law is aimed primarily at production of meth, LSD, MDA and MDMA, PCP, and the barbiturates. Of those chemicals relevant to this book, it lists: phenylacetone, methylamine, phenylacetic acid, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, isosafrole, safrole, piperonal, benzyl cyanide, chlorephedrine, thionyl chloride, and N-methyl derivatives of ephedrine. This section of the law states that anyone wishing to purchase these chemicals must obtain a permit. Anyone wishing to obtain such a permit must submit two sets of his ten fingerprints to the authorities. It is interesting to note here that the over-the-counter stimulants which contain ephedrine sulfate or phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride are exempt from these restrictions. Dexatrim, and those mail order white crosses, have not been made illegal. The determined experimenter can easily extract the needed starting material out of the legal "stimulant" pills. A third, and less restricted, class of chemicals deals mainly with meth, and PCP. The chemicals of interest here are: sodium and potassium cyanide, bromobenzene, magnesium turnings (the last two also have PCP implications), mercuric chloride, sodium metal, palladium black, and acetic anhydride. For this class of chemicals, the law requires presentation of proper ID (i.e., state-issued photo ID) and calls for the seller to record said ID. The obvious ways around this section of the law are to do business in less nosy states, or to obtain false identification. Clandestine operators also need to know that the law allows the central scrutinizers to add chemicals to the lists without waming or approval. So the new precursors mentioned in this book could go on the lists of restricted chemicals at any time. -------------------------------------------------------------------------THE LEUCKARDT-WALLACH REACTION: AN OVERVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------The best way to produce batches of up to one-half pound in size is by the Leuckardt-Wallach reaction. It is one of the touchiest reactions there is, right up there with the Grignard reaction. The Leuckardt-Wallach reaction involves reacting a ketone with two molecules of a formamide to produce the formyl derivative of an amine, which is then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to produce the desired amine. In this case, the reaction is shown on page 14. There are several reviews of this reaction in the scientific literature, the best of them Crossley and More in the Journal of Chemistry (1949). The conditions which favor the production of high yields of fine quality products are as follows. There should be a small amount of formic acid in the reaction mixture, because it acts as a catalyst. It should be buffered by the presence of some free methylamine, to prevent the pH of the reaction mixture from falling too low (becoming too acidic). The presence of water in the reaction mixture is to be avoided at all costs, because this really messes up the reaction. It prevents the phenylacetone from dissolving in the N-methylformamide, leading to low yields of purple-colored crystal. The directions I give in a later chapter for making N-methylformamide give a product which is perfect for this reaction. It is also important that the reaction be done at the lowest temperature at which it will proceed smoothly, and that the heating be continued for as long as the reaction is still going. In this way nearly all the phenylacetone is converted to methamphetamine. There is one stumbling block in the path of underground chemists: in 1979, the DEA made phenylacetone illegal to purchase or possess. N-methylformamide is also risky to obtain, although it is not illegal and is used in industry as a solvent. However, they are both easy to make. And, because of these restrictions, the price of methamphetamine has gone above $100 per gram, while it costs only $1 or $2 per gram to make. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- PREPARATION OF PHENYLACETONE -------------------------------------------------------------------------Phenylacetone, also known as methyl benzyl ketone, or 1-phenyl2-propanone, is easy but tedious to make. In this reaction, phenylacetic acid reacts with acetic anhydride with pyridine catalysts to produce phenylacetone plus carbon dioxide and water. In chemical writing: [Deleted] A Russian journal tells of using sodium acetate instead of pyridine, which would be great if it worked, because sodium acetate is much cheaper than pyridine. However, I have tried it and the results are unsatisfactory. Typical of those lying Commies. The reaction is done as follows: Into a clean, dry 3000 ml round bottom flask is placed 200 grams of phenylacetic acid, 740 ml of acetic anhydride and 740 nil of pyridine. This is done on a table covered with a sheet of newspaper, because phenylacetic acid, once it is exposed to the air, smells like cat urine, and the smell is next to impossible to get rid of. Pyridine also smells awful. The pyridine and acetic anhydride are measured out in a large glass measuring cup. The flask is then gently swirled until the phenylacetic acid is dissolved. The flask is then assembled with the 50 cm condensa and the vacuum adapter, as shown in Figure 2a. Before assembly, the joints are lightly greased with silicone based stop cock grease. This prevents the pieces from getting stuck together. All pieces should be clean and dry. The vacuum nipple of the vacuum adapter is plugged with a piece of tape. In the rounded section of the vacuum adapter is a plug of cotton, then about two teaspoons of Drierite (anhydrous calcium sulfate), then another plug of cotton. This makes a bed of Drierite which is prevented from falling into the flask by a ball of cotton. The purpose of this is to keep moisture from the air away from the reaction. Now the underground chemist is ready to begin heating the flask. Notice that in Figure 2b, the flask is in a large pan which sits on the buffet range. The pan is filled about half-full of cooking oil (Wesson works fine). This is so that the flask is heated evenly. The heat is turned about half-way to maximum, and the flow of cold water through the condenser is begun. A length of plastic or rubber tubing runs from the cold water faucet to the lower water inlet of the condenser. The cold water runs through the condenser and out of the top water exit, through another length of tubing to the drain. In this way, the rising vapors from the boiling pyridine are condensed and returned to the flask. A rate of water flow of about one gallon per minute is good. Within a half hour, the flask is hot enough to begin boiling. The heat is then turned down to stabilize the flask at a gentle rate of boiling. This is called a reflux. The boiling is allowed to continue for 7 hours. During this time, the reaction mixture turns from clear to brownish-red in color. Periodically, the rate of water flow coming out of the condenser is checked, because faucet washers tend to swell after a while and slow down the rate of water flow. After 7 hours, the heat is turned off. Twenty minutes after the boiling stops, the glassware is set up as shown in Figure 3. The cotton and Drierite are removed from the vacuum adapter. Then 4 pea-sized pieces are broken off a pumice foot stone (purchased at the local pharmacy). These are called boiling chips, because they cause liquids to boil faster and more evenly. They are added to the flask with the reaction mixture in it. But they are not added until 20 minutes after the boiling ..."

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